Once you've added your fields, you can create and export Variable N-Rate Application maps both in the Atfarm web app in your desktop browser, as explained in this article, and in the Atfarm mobile app on your mobile device.

In the Atfarm web app, you can choose to auto-generate the application map using the VRA algorithms or to draw the application map from scratch using the brush editor and define fertilisation zones and amounts yourself. Either way, you'll be able to adjust the fertilisation zones and amounts using the brush editor.

Tip: You can create application maps for multiple fields of the same crop type at once. Read here how to proceed.

Please note before you start:

Read here about the equipment required, file types by terminal and how to request a test file.
The maximum field size for creating application maps is 1,500 ha. The minimum field size is 1 ha with a minimum field width and length of 50 m. Read here about the field sizes.
To create an accurate application map, ensure that non-crop areas are excluded when adding your fields to Atfarm. When you draw the field, you can add inner boundaries and adjust the outer field boundary.
We don't currently take fertiliser restrictions into account when creating application maps. When fertilising your crops, please remember to adjust the fertiliser application to comply with government fertiliser restrictions.
Grassland: You can create application maps for mown grass (not grazed grass) consisting mainly of ryegrass (Lolium sp.), fescue (Festuca sp.) and timothy (Phleum sp.) with no more than 5 % clover in the sward. However, we're already working on calibrating the algorithm for grass with higher clover content.

Create and export an application map in the Atfarm web app by following these steps or the videos below:

1) Select your field

Initiate the map creation as follows:

Log in to Atfarm from your desktop browser.
Select the desired farm in the farm overview.
Select the desired field in the field overview.
Click Get recommendation and select Variable N-Rate Application.

2) Select biomass

You're now in the VRA Map Builder. A blue badge in the VRA Map Builder saying 'Powered by N-Sensor technology' will indicate that the VRA N-Sensor algorithm is used. Read here about the VRA algorithms.

Proceed as follows:

Select the biomass map date from the first dropdown.
- The application maps are created from biomass indexed satellite imagery.
- Only cloud-free satellite image dates are listed, as biomass indices can only be applied to cloud-free images. However, sometimes dates are marked as cloudy in the timeline when they're actually cloud-free. Read here how to view cloudy satellite images. Once you've found a recent cloud-free image, select it from the timeline to use it for the application map. In this case, you don't need to select the date of the biomass map from the dropdown.
- For best results, use the most recent image as it will reflect the current crop status. The image should be no more than five days old, as older images may show biomass values that don't reflect current conditions. When using old images, make sure they reflect the current crop performance.
Depending on the crop type, select the growth stage of your crop for the biomass map date from the dropdown.
- The VRA N-Sensor algorithm is based on thousands of samples and lab tests and adapts to the crop and growth stage.
- We recommend a growth stage based on your crop type. As variable rate fertilisation isn't recommended for each growth stage, these can't be selected.
Depending on the crop type and growth stage, click on Levelling or Protein dressing to select the variable rate strategy.
- The levelling strategy applies higher nitrogen rates to areas with lower biomass/nitrogen uptake and lower nitrogen rates to areas with higher biomass/nitrogen uptake.
- The protein dressing strategy applies higher nitrogen rates to areas with higher biomass/nitrogen uptake and lower nitrogen rates to areas with lower biomass/nitrogen uptake.
- If you don't see this option, Atfarm has automatically selected the strategy. Read more about the strategies here.
Click Continue to N-Rate to proceed to the next step.

3) Add target N-rate

You'll now enter information to be considered in the application map calculation.

Proceed as follows:

Enter the target N rate in kg N/ha in the first input field.
- The target N rate is the average nitrogen rate to be applied to the field. It's the main input to the VRA N-Sensor algorithm. The satellite images provide information about the different nitrogen uptake in the field, but they don't provide actual absolute nitrogen values. You can use the Yara N-Tester to determine the agronomically optimal nitrogen rate for your next application.
Enter lower and upper limit in kg N/ha in the next input fields.
- The lower and upper limits define the minimum and maximum application rates for the applied variable rate strategy. If the field areas with their calculated application rates are outside these limits, the application rates are adjusted to the set limits. If the calculated application rates are within the limits, the limits aren't applied.
- For the levelling strategy, the lower limit applies to areas with high biomass/N-uptake and to areas with exceptionally low biomass/N-uptake (<30 % of average field N-uptake).
- For protein dressing, the lower limit applies to areas of low biomass/N-uptake.
- The recommended lower limit is 1 kg N/ha. The upper limit should be at least +/- 10 kg N/ha from the target N-rate.
Select the fertiliser you want to apply from the dropdown.
- The fertilisers that can be selected depend on your country. If you don't see your fertiliser in the list, select Other or Generic.
If necessary, adjust the % N in the fertiliser in the next input field.
- The % N content expresses the nitrogen content in 100 kg of fertiliser.
Click Create VRA map to generate the application map.
- Click Draw from scratch instead to apply the fertilisation zones yourself and enter your own rates. The target N-rate is then no longer the basis for the average N-rate.
- The application map is saved under Recommendations on the field page, so you can also continue with it later.

4) Review and adapt map

You can now view and customise the application map created.

About the application map:

The application map consists of a biomass map with the fertilisation pixels as squares or dots depending on the rate adjustment strategy selected. Each colour represents a different nitrogen rate in kg/ha.
You can see average N in kg/ha, total N in kg, total fertiliser and the cell size.
Each pixel on the map represents the centre of a 20 x 20 m cell. This design allows you to see the biomass through the pixels. The 20 x 20 m pixel resolution is sufficient for current spreader models (most over 20 m spreading width) and can also be used for spreaders with a larger spreading width.
Each corner of the field must have a nitrogen value associated with it, even if most of the 20 x 20 m cell is outside the field, so that your terminal can read the application map. You just have to work on the field boundaries as usual. Pixels with areas outside the field boundary are handled by Atfarm's boundary handling algorithm and the application rate is calculated only for the areas of the pixels within the field boundary.
The cell size refers to the spatial resolution of the pixels from the satellite data. The scaling of the cells depends on the size of the field. The larger the field, the larger the scale (20 x 20 m, 40 x 40 m, 60 x 60 m, 80 x 80 m, etc.). The larger the scale, the lower the spatial resolution of the pixels from the satellite data.

Adapt the map as follows:

Click Edit next to the fertiliser name to update target N rate, lower and upper limits, fertiliser and % N in fertiliser. When finished, click Update to recalculate the application map.
For auto-generated maps only: Click on Zone Map or Raster Map to select the rate adjustment strategy.
- Zone map: Neighbouring pixels with similar N-uptake and corresponding nitrogen levels are grouped into zones. The gradations are created in 10 % steps. This makes it easier to use spreaders which have +/- 10 % buttons. The zone map is best used for manual applications or older terminals. When using the Atfarm mobile app as a terminal and selecting to spread by speed, the zone map is coarser and is therefore recommended as less manual control of the spreader is required.
- Raster map: The N-uptake and application rate are calculated per pixel and the fertiliser is applied accordingly. The raster map is designed for maximum precision on high-end equipment.
Use the brush editor to change the fertilisation zones and amounts. This is optional for auto-generated maps and required for maps drawn by scratch.
- Click on the number below a colour and enter the desired nitrogen rate.
- Click on a colour to select it, then click on a fertilisation zone on the map to apply the new rate.
- Use the + and - buttons on the map or your mouse wheel to zoom in and out.
- Click Undo to undo your last change.
- Click Reset to clear all changes.
- To disable the brush, click on the selected colour again.
Click Continue to export to proceed to the export.

5) Export map to your terminal

You'll now see the application map with different coloured pixels. The pixels represent the application zones with different amounts of fertiliser in kg/ha to be applied to achieve the target N-rate. A colour scale on the map shows the amounts per colour.

Export the application map as follows:

If necessary, click Edit next to the fertiliser name to change rate adjustment strategy and fertilisation zones and amounts. When finished, click Export to recalculate the application map.
Click the download icon next to the desired terminal export option.
- The file type (ISO-XML, Shapefile) you need to download depends on your terminal. Read here about the equipment required, file types by terminal and how to request a test file.
- If desired, select the PDF option to also save the application map as a PDF file. This is ideal for sharing and printing.
Click Download in the pop-up.
Save the file to the desired location on your computer.
- Don't rename the folder or the files in the folder. Otherwise, the terminal may not be able to recognise them.
Extract the downloaded ZIP folder.
- Most terminals require unzipped files. A few terminals require zipped files, for example Valtra. In this case, please skip this step.
- Windows: Right-click the ZIP folder and select Extract All, then click Browse to select the location where you want to extract the folder, and then click Extract.
- Mac: Double-click the ZIP folder. The newly extracted folder will appear in the same folder.
Store the extracted files from the unzipped folder on an empty USB drive.
- Don't put any files other than the application files on the USB drive. Otherwise, the terminal won't be able to distinguish between the files.
- You can store application files in Shapefile format for several fields on one USB drive and upload them to your terminal.
- Don't store application files in ISO-XML format for several fields on one USB drive. Otherwise, the terminal won't be able to distinguish between the files. However, you can store the files on the same USB drive and transfer them one at a time, so that you only need one USB drive. To do this, empty the USB drive before each transfer.
Connect the USB drive to your terminal.
Load the files from the USB drive.
- Please refer to your terminal's user manual for instructions on loading the application files onto the terminal.
- For assistance, please contact your technician, local dealer, manufacturer, or contact our support team. Please let us know what terminal and spreader you're using and provide us with the files you're trying to upload.
The zones of the application map will appear on the terminal screen and the application rate will be set.